Delirium

A large part in gaining a holistic understanding regarding mental health is rasing awareness to mental illnesses. Today, we will be focussing on a lesser known clinical syndrome called delirium. So what is delirium? Delirium is described as disturbances in mental abilities that result in reduced awareness of surroundings as well as confused thinking. Anyone can contract delirium; however, this illness typically develops in populations of the elderly.

Clear signs of this illness include:- Loss of clarity in thought or speaking - Disorientation- Loss in focus and memories- Hallucinations

Delirium is caused by severe medical illness, infections, medication, and intoxication. Symptoms of Delirium occur for as little as a few hours or as long as several weeks depending on the situation. There are three specific kinds of delirium: hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed. Hyperactive is associated with restlessness, anxiety, and mood swings. This type is one of the easiest to recognize. Hypoactive describes inactivity or reduced activity. People with this kind of delirium often will not interact with family members. Finally, mixed involves both types of delirium meaning a person may switch between a dazed and restless state.

At times, delirium and dementia can be difficult to tell apart due to their similar symptoms. Delirium often occurs in people who have dementia. However, it is important to note that episodes of delirium don’t always mean that the person has dementia. Some differences between the two include attention spans, fluctuation of symptoms, and the length of illness. In regards to length of illness, delirium occurs within a short time frame where as dementia gradually gets worse and worse over time. When considering attention spans, people impaired with delirium will not be able to focus; however, in the beginning states of dementia a person is generally alert.

Eating and drinking well, taking medication, and creating calming environments are just a few ways to combat delirium or support those experiencing the illness. Delirium affects 2 out of every 10 people in hospitals worldwide, so it is important to shed light on this illness as well as present ways to support others as we strive to develop a better understanding of mental health.

-Kamari Carter