Beauty Standards: Exploring the Evolution from Ancient Myths to Contemporary Movements

Beauty is a concept as old as humanity itself and has continuously evolved alongside cultures, societies, and historical contexts and is forever changing. In ancient civilisations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece, beauty standards were often intertwined with cultural symbolism and religious beliefs. Physical attractiveness was not just a matter of personal appearance but also a reflection of spiritual and cultural ideals.

In Egypt, beauty was purely based on symmetry, youthfulness and divine proportions as evidenced by the depictions of ancient pharaohs and gods. The people of this era believed that symmetrical features were a reflection of cosmic order and divine presence. Cleopatra is often regarded as one of the most beautiful women in history. Her beauty was like no other. As if she were sculpted by the angelic hands of Aphrodite herself, Cleopatra adorned almond shaped eyes, high cheekbones and full lips. Similarly, in ancient Greece, the concept of beauty was closely linked to notions of harmony and balance, exemplified in sculptures such as the Venus de Milo.

During the mediaeval and Renaissance periods in Europe, beauty standards took on a more nuanced and symbolic meaning. Fair skin, delicate features, and modest attire became synonymous with purity, moral virtue, and aristocratic status. The Renaissance period, notably, witnessed a resurgence of classical aesthetics. During this era, artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli engaged in the exploration of idealised forms of the human body, which were founded on mathematical proportions and precise anatomical accuracy.

Later on, with the rise of colonialism, beauty standards drastically changed as the European Union’s power rose exponentially. Europe’s significant influence on the world resulted in western beauty standards such as fair skin, straight hair and light eyes being imposed upon indigenous populations. Forcing such beauty standards upon native people led to problems with cultural identity and resistance to embrace natural beauty. This is a prime example of toxic beauty standards which continue to weave a thread into our lives even today.

The late 20th and early 21st century witnessed unprecedented changes in beauty standards, driven largely by globalisation, media influence, and technological advancements. With an increased exposure of young, susceptible minds to cinema, fashion, and media, looks and allure played a pivotal part in people’s lives. Icons like Audrey Hepburn in the 1950s represented elegance and sophistication, while the 1960s introduced Twiggy and the era of the supermodel, celebrating a slim and youthful aesthetic that dominated fashion and popular culture. This era is also a stark change from Marilyn Monroe’s era in the mid-20th century which represented voluptuousness and glamour. 

Despite the progress made in diversifying beauty standards, challenges persist in contemporary society. With the rising influence of digital media, photo editing and filters, the world has propelled unrealistic, unhealthy and unprecedented beauty standards. Beauty soon became ugly. The need to be ‘perfect’ consumed everyone. To have clear skin and the perfect, fit figure became as vital as oxygen. And like a moth to a flame, we humans are also attracted to the very thing that destroys our essence: social media. By immersing oneself into these unreasonable expectations, issues like body dysmorphia and low self-esteem among individuals who do not fit into mainstream ideals have skyrocketed. 

On the flip side, the 21st century has also seen a rise in body positivity movements and advocacy for diversity in beauty, challenging narrow definitions and promoting inclusivity across race, ethnicity, age, gender, and body type.

As we move forward, the future of beauty standards appears increasingly diverse and inclusive. Social media platforms have altered beauty, allowing individuals to showcase their unique identities and redefine traditional norms. Brands and influencers are embracing authenticity and representation, acknowledging beauty in all its forms and celebrating differences rather than conformities. Movements advocating for inclusivity and empowerment continue to reshape rigid minds and toxic attitudes, encouraging a broader acceptance of diverse beauty ideals and making every individual feel seen, heard and accepted. 

It is safe to say that the only thing constant about beauty standards is that they are forever changing. Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder – as cliché as it may sound it is true. The beholder doesn’t necessarily have to be an admirer, it can be you yourself appreciating your beauty or accepting your flaws but still flaunting them. Imperfection is the most beautiful form of perfection. Today beauty is not just about colour, features or symmetry, it’s about your inner confidence as well. Today’s modern woman may not have the face of Helen of Troy, but it is hers and it is enough and she is still beautiful. 

-Aanya Mehta